{"id":154171,"date":"2020-07-17T06:00:36","date_gmt":"2020-07-17T11:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ict-pulse.com\/?p=154171"},"modified":"2020-07-17T05:59:39","modified_gmt":"2020-07-17T10:59:39","slug":"rural-connectivity-narrow-ict-connectivity-divide-urban-areas-caribbean","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ict-pulse.com\/2020\/07\/rural-connectivity-narrow-ict-connectivity-divide-urban-areas-caribbean\/","title":{"rendered":"Rural broadband: can we narrow the ICT connectivity divide in the Caribbean?"},"content":{"rendered":"

The disparity in telecoms and ICT connectivity between rural and urban areas in the Caribbean region can be quite wide. More importantly, improving rural connectivity, especially broadband Internet connectivity, does not appear to be a priority in the region, although the challenges and deficiencies have become increasingly evident. <\/em><\/p>\n

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Across most countries worldwide, there is likely to be a disparity between the quality and standards of telecoms and ICT services that can be secured in urban areas, versus rural areas. Due to the population density of city centres and urban communities, it tends to be more cost effective to deploy infrastructure and services in those areas, as opposed to the countryside, when tends to be not as densely population, and may require the roll out of more infrastructure in order to have a similar impact.<\/p>\n

Across the Caribbean region, there is a distinct urban\/rural divide. In many countries, most of the major towns and cities are either on the coast or occupy relatively flat terrain. As one moves away from those major population centres, the terrain can be\u00a0 quite be hilly and not as densely populated, with rural towns and communities in pockets separated by (relatively) wide expanses of land. Further, in and around those communities, houses are sprinkled around the environs, and it is not uncommon to find that there are no official roads, and\/or utilities connected to those premises.<\/p>\n

To a considerable degree, rural communities in the Caribbean have benefitted from the wide deployment of mobile\/cellular networks in their respective countries, and the availability of low cost mobile\/cellular services. As a result, and across most countries, at least 80% of the population have mobile\/cellular coverage. Now, thanks to the widespread availability of mobile broadband Internet, mobile\/cellular users also have Internet access \u2013 although the latest deployed technology, 4G LTE, might not be as readily available in non-urban areas.<\/p>\n

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Limitations of mobile\/cellular service<\/h3>\n

The introduction of mobile\/cellular services in rural areas addressed a glaring deficiency with regard to the access to and availability of telecoms services in many countries, and it could argued that to some extent, it may have made the disparity in service between urban and rural areas less pronounced. However, some of the challenges came to the fore due to COVID-19, with the closure of schools and people being asked to work from home. In essence, the limited access to fixed broadband services in rural communities resulted in children not being able to readily partake of the online learning platforms schools were using. Additionally, for individuals who were working from home, they had to connect to their offices via mobile broadband Internet, which is considerably more expensive than fixed broadband services, and consequently, may not be a sustainable option.<\/p>\n

The existence of mobile\/cellular connectivity in rural areas may have appeared to obviate the need fixed-line broadband infrastructure to also be deployed. Fixed-lined networks are a considerably more expensive option than mobile\/cellular networks, and it is unlikely that the carriers would be able to secure a reasonable return of investment, should that infrastructure is extended to rural areas.<\/p>\n

Additionally, and as was noted in our recent article on Meaningful Connectivity<\/a>, mobile\/cellular phones and smartphones \u201coffer an abbreviated experience of online platforms and software products through the use of applications<\/em>\u201d. As a result, although people might appear to be engaging in a lot of activity online via their phones, they cannot experience the \u201cfull functionality of digital products and platforms<\/em>\u201d. More importantly, it can be argued that digital skills and literacy is still low \u2013 although smartphone and Internet use have been increasing across the region.<\/p>\n

The challenges associated with meaningful connectivity and digital literacy are not limited to rural communities. It could be argued that an over-reliance of mobile\/cellular service \u2013 due to the limited availability of fixed-line services in certain communities, and\/or the inability of consumers to pay for fixed-line services and the associated equipment \u2013 is not equipping citizens to leverage the Internet, thus putting them at a disadvantage, which in turn makes countries less competitive.<\/p>\n

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Addressing rural connectivity<\/h3>\n

The role the Internet is playing in our lives means that it can no longer be relegated to a \u2018nice-to-have\u2019. It has become essential for our individual survival, and that of our countries. Further, it can no longer be assumed that rural connectivity will be addressed and improved. Telecoms markets across the Caribbean are maturing, and the incumbent players, in and of themselves, are not necessarily keen to make the requisite investment in non-urban areas to reduce the connectivity divide. Such action ought to be driven by policy: to establish the vision and desired outcomes,\u00a0 which then can be used to inform strategies and implementation plans.<\/p>\n

Earlier this year, the Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI)<\/a>, proposed a policy framework for rural broadband Internet. The framework sought to highlight important areas of consideration when a policy to improve rural broadband internet is being conceptualised. Recommendations were made in the following seven areas:<\/p>\n