On or around 4 September 2024, Digicel would have shut down its 2G mobile/cellular network across the Caribbean region. With both of the regional carriers no longer supporting 2G, we highlight some pros, cons and implications of 2G and other technologies being decommissioned.
Across the Caribbean, the carrier, Digicel, is beginning the process of decommissioning its Second Generation (2G) mobile/cellular network. The announcement was made earlier this year that the 2G network would be phased out and that after 31 August 2024, 2G devices would no longer be able to connect to the network.
Truthfully, Digicel’s intention to shut down early-generation technology infrastructure is not new. From as early as 2018, senior executives had given notice, as it was costly to operate and manage multiple generations of technology. In other words, the shutdown was a long time coming.
However, when the announcement was made in local papers over the past week that the decommissioning would occur on 4 September, there may have been momentary panic in some quarters as possible concerns and real-life implications could follow. On the other hand, the other regional carrier, Flow, had begun the phased shutdown of its 2G network earlier in the year, so there was some precedent and the opportunity to mitigate challenges or consequences that could emerge.
In this article, we outline some of the benefits and disadvantages of decommissioning 2G networks in the region as well as some consequences and considerations going forward,
Pros of the 2G network shutdown
First, and among the biggest benefits to the telco of decommissioning older technologies are the cost savings and improved operations-related efficiencies that will result. Maintaining older networks is expensive and can be complicated when 3G and 4G networks must also be managed. Decommissioning the 2G network can help reduce operational costs and allow the organisation to invest in future growth.
Second, decommissioning 2G and earlier technology networks can free up valuable spectrum that can be reallocated to newer, more efficient technologies like 4G and 5G. Currently, Caribbean countries are eager for their local telcos to deploy 5G technology, but companies, such as Digicel, have been reluctant to do so due to viability concerns. However, shutting down older services and streamlining their existing operations can lead to improved network performance, increased capacity, and the introduction of new services – including 5G.
Cons of the 2G network shutdown
Many of the disadvantages surrounding the decommissioning of a 2G network tend to be felt by consumers. First, many older mobile devices, particularly feature phones and some smartphones, rely on 2G networks for connectivity. Decommissioning will render these devices obsolete, forcing users to upgrade. Further, for those who rely on 2G for basic services, such as voice calls and SMS (Short Messaging Service), the decommissioning could lead to service disruption, especially in rural areas with limited access to other networks. However, another group affected when Flow shut down its 2G network was persons with disabilities, which was reported in Saint Lucia.
Additionally, the decommissioning of the 2G network could have financial implications for businesses and individuals who rely on 2G-connected devices for their operations or have invested in 2G devices for resale. Regarding the latter, shops that have purchased 2G devices for resale may find they have dead stock on their hands that is no longer sellable. Similarly, businesses that use 2G-enabled IoT devices may need to invest in upgrades or find alternative solutions.
Possible implications going forward
The shutting down of 2G and even 3G networks has been occurring worldwide over the past several years, and the Caribbean countries have just begun that journey. One of the overarching benefits is the potential for network improvements, especially as there are extensive internet service quality complaints across the region. Being able to reallocate radio frequencies to improve existing networks could result in improved coverage, speed, and reliability, which consumers would appreciate.
On the other hand, the digital divide could be exacerbated, especially in rural areas where access to newer networks may be limited, or among certain communities where suitable devices may not be readily available. Hence without appropriate intervention, these segments of society may not end up excluded and without the means to be connected and to access and use essential services like education, healthcare, and government services, which we take for granted.
In summary, although the evolution of technology is inevitable, and there are benefits to be realised, it is easy to overlook those who could be adversely affected or situations in which undesired consequences could occur. However, it is thus crucial to identify and address the potential challenges, to not only ensure a smooth transition for customers but that digital equity and inclusion are also fostered.
Image credit: louvainlaneuve9 (Pixabay)
