Could country-code domains be the Caribbean’s most underrated digital export? Thanks to the global AI boom, Anguilla’s .ai domain code now generates nearly half of all government revenue. In our latest article, we explore how Caribbean countries can address some of the existing challenges and potentially tap into global digital markets.
For decades, the economic lifeblood of the Caribbean has been tethered to physical assets: sun, sand, sea, and seasonal tourism, supplemented by agriculture and remittances. But in 2026, the tiny British Overseas Territory of Anguilla, with a population of roughly 16,000, has proven that a digital asset—allocated almost by administrative accident three decades ago—can outperform traditional economic powerhouses, such as agriculture and tourism.
According to recent reports, registration fees for the island’s .ai country-code top-level domain (ccTLD) brought in an astounding USD 80 million (approximately XCD 217 million) in the first seven months of 2026 alone. To put that in perspective, this single digital revenue stream has netted more than all taxes collected from the island’s domestic productive sectors combined, accounting for nearly 47.5% of total government revenue during that period (Source: The Gleaner).
However, Anguilla’s runaway success forces a broader, urgent question for the rest of the Caribbean region: How can other countries better leverage their own ccTLDs to diversify economies, build digital resilience, and fund national development?
The strategic value of owning a ccTLD
A Top-Level Domain is sovereign digital real estate. Unfortunately, many Caribbean countries do not know what to do with their ccTLD or how to leverage it to increase its importance and value. However, when managed effectively, a national TLD offers several distinct structural advantages:
First, traditional economic earners, such as exports and tourism, are susceptible to external shocks, and in recent times we have witnessed the impact of global recessions, pandemics, and hurricanes. On the other hand, domain registration fees are international, recurring, and largely independent of physical infrastructure.
Second, a smartly marketed ccTLD can instantly put a small country on the map of the global digital economy. For example, Anguilla’s .ai ccTLD has become synonymous with artificial intelligence (AI); Tuvalu has been leasing its .tv extension to global television and streaming entities and is enjoying steady multimillion-dollar royalties, thanks to long-term commercial partnership agreements; and Montenegro has been promoting the .me domain for personal branding, startups, and tech founders, which has become an important revenue stream for the country.
Finally, beyond direct registry fees, local management of a TLD can help countries develop and keep the needed technical competencies onshore. It can also encourage local registrar businesses and the development of support services, such as domain security (DNSSEC), thereby nurturing a culture of digital entrepreneurship.
Why local domains are hard to secure in the Caribbean
Despite the glittering potential demonstrated by Anguilla, the reality on the ground in many Caribbean countries is that securing or utilising local domain extensions (.jm, .bb, etc.) can be frustratingly bureaucratic, expensive, and restrictive. Common barriers include:
- Archaic administrative frameworks. Many regional ccTLDs are still managed by legacy academic institutions, ageing telecommunications monopolies, under-resourced non-profit trusts bound by red tape, or other third-party entities that are difficult to contact or seem to have no interest in encouraging ccTLD take-up and use. Generally, they tend to lack the agility, strategy, or resources required to develop the ccTLD as a national asset and promote it globally.
- Prohibitive pricing and rigid policies. In several Caribbean countries, local domain registration and renewal costs are significantly higher than generic alternatives like .com or .org, which is a deterrent to take-up. Further, strict local-presence requirements, such as mandating that registrants possess a physical address or local corporate registration within the country, can discourage international demand.
- Low local digital adoption. Finally, and linked to the previous point, is the fact that local businesses often default to global extensions, which may be due to, among other things, simpler registration processes and lower prices. However, it may also mean that the domestic market for ccTLDs remains tiny, depriving registries of economies of scale.
Likely constraints and pragmatic mitigations
Without a doubt, unlocking the economic power of Caribbean ccTLDs is easier said than done. Regional policymakers must confront several perceived and real constraints.
First, our countries often possess limited technical capacity to address areas such as advanced DNS management, cybersecurity, and registry backend infrastructure. Second, there may be considerable bureaucratic inertia among current ccTLD registrars in the region. They may be resistant to modernising their strategy or processes, or to being more transparent regarding revenue-sharing arrangements. Further, unless there are linguistic matches like .ai, .co, .me, or .tv, finding market segments that could be interested in using our ccTLDs could be difficult.
However, some of these challenges can be mitigated by, for example:
- Partnering with global registry operators (similar to how Anguilla partnered with specialised firms such as Identity Digital) to handle high-volume global traffic while keeping policy control and revenue-sharing at home.
- Establishing public-private digital trusts or modernising legislative frameworks to transition registry operations into commercially viable, regulated entities.
- Targeting regional diaspora markets and global niches, while aggressively streamlining registration rules to remove unnecessary friction.
The way forward for the region
Anguilla’s USD 80 million milestone is a wake-up call. It demonstrates that small island states with limited resources can still generate transformative wealth. They simply need to recognise, protect, and aggressively commercialise their digital assets.
For Caribbean countries experiencing financial and economic challenges, reforming legacy domain administration can be low-hanging fruit that would allow our countries to not only maximise the use of this resource but also make it a lucrative source of revenue, if properly marketed and supported.
Image credit: Canva AI
Thank you, Michelle. A timely reflection on the commercial opportunities that country-code top-level domains (ccTLDs) can unlock.
I think the historical record deserves a wider lens. The commercial potential of a two-letter country code did not begin with .ai. The story reaches back to pioneers who recognised that a ccTLD could be more than a technical identifier for a country: it could become a source of revenue, a platform for innovation and an internationally marketable asset.
Oscar Moreno in Puerto Rico, through .pr, was among those who helped establish that possibility. Others carried the idea forward, including Patrick Lay with Antigua and Barbuda’s .ag and Juan Carlos Namis with Belize’s .bz.
They understood that opportunity was not always confined to a country’s geographic identity. Sometimes, the letters themselves had commercial resonance. Germany’s AG denotes Aktiengesellschaft, a public limited company; .bz lends itself to the idea of “business”; and Colombia’s .co offered a globally marketable alternative for businesses seeking a concise online identity. Tuvalu’s .tv, meanwhile, found a natural connection with television and the wider media industry.
The progression is instructive: first, recognising the latent value of a country code, then developing its commercial potential and ultimately, positioning it for an audience far beyond the country it represents. The success of .ai is rooted in that history.
Oscar, may he rest in peace, was one of the pioneers. His contribution extended beyond recognising the commercial potential of domain names. He also played an instrumental role in the redelegation of Caribbean ccTLDs previously hosted at the University of Puerto Rico. He believed in Caribbean integration in the DNS world, was vigilant in representing our interest in the ICANN world and helped several fledgling ccTLD administrations build their capacity.
He was a friend whose connections opened doors to important partnerships for .jm and extended to others like .gd and .gy. We are thrilled that .ai has captured the moment and is now shaking the ground that others helped prepare. We would not wish to overlook yesterday’s pioneers.
Let the record show.